A meta-analysis that included 183 studies from 43 countries shows that the overall pooled crude prevalence of depression was 27.2% among medical students ( 2). Furthermore, the indirect effect (i.e., the mediating effect of mobile phone addiction and sleep quality) was significant and accounted for 64.01% of the total effect.ĭepression (major depressive disorder) is a widespread chronic medical illness that can influence mood, thoughts, and physical health ( 1), and is a severe problem faced by students worldwide. Mobile phone addiction and sleep quality together played a serial mediating role in the influence of perceived academic stress on depression (B = 0.11, 95% boot CI = 0.08–0.14). Additionally, mobile phone addiction (B = 0.08, 95% boot CI = 0.06–0.11) and sleep quality (B = 0.27, 95% boot CI = 0.22–0.33) played a mediating role between perceived academic stress and depression. The serial mediation model indicated that perceived academic stress was a significant predictor of depression (B = 0.10, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.06 – 0.13). High school students showed the highest scores of perceived academic stress (2.68 ± 1.06), and the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms (33.14%) and sleep disturbance (36.47%). Among all participants, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance was 28.69 and 27.95%, respectively.
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